PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.